HRS — High Rise Syndrome
What is HRS?
High rise syndrome (HRS) refers to the common set of injuries that cats may sustain when they fall from high places such as open windows of buildings or balconies.
While a cat’s “righting reflex” allows her to twist her body and land on her feet most of the time, she still may get hurt.
The severity of injuries depends on factors like fall height, landing surface, and whether the patient has hit anything during the fall.
Common Injuries from High-Rise Syndrome
- Fractures: Limbs, pelvis, spine, jaw
- Internal Injuries: Internal bleeding, organ rupture, pancreatitis
- Respiratory Issues: Lung contusions, pneumothorax
- Trauma: Head, face, jaw, mouth etc
- Soft Tissue Injuries: Bruising, lacerations
Surviving patients often need intensive care and, in some cases, long-term rehabilitation.
What happens in Emergency Care?
Emergency Stabilisation
- IV fluids and oxygen to support circulation and prevent shock
- Pain management to ease discomfort and reduce stress
- Intravenous fluids to treat shock and dehydration
Diagnostic Evaluation
To fully assess injuries, the veterinary team may perform:
- X-rays and CT scans
- Ultrasound
- Blood tests to evaluate organ function and internal bleeding
Targeted Treatment
- Surgical intervention for fractures, internal bleeding, or organ damage
- ICU monitoring for continuous care + critical care and support (oxygenation, feeding tubes, analgesics etc)
- Rest and rehabilitation for recovery
Ways to Prevent High-Rise Syndrome
High-Rise Syndrome is 100% Preventable. Falls from heights can be completely avoided with proper precautions.
Secure Windows and Balconies
- Install sturdy screens on all windows
- Use cat-proof netting or barriers on balconies and patios
Supervise Outdoor Time
- Don't leave your cat unsupervised on high ledges or balconies or corridors
Spay/Neuter & Enrich Indoor Environment
- Unneutered cats are more likely to attempt escapes
- Bored cats may try to explore — provide toys, perches, and playtime
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Lovel Sim
Sng Yihui
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