FLUTD — Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
What is FLUTD?
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of problems associated with the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) of cats.
Signs & Symptoms
- Straining in the litter box
- Urinating only small amounts, often
- No urine production after straining
- Crying out while urinating
- Licking the genital area
- Urinating outside the litter box
- Blood in the urine
Risk Factors for FLUTD
- Middle-aged cats
- Neutered cats
- Overweight cats
- Cats which take little exercise
- Cats with little or no access outside
- Cats that eat a dry diet
- Environmental stressors (grooming, inter-cat aggression, moving house, visitors)
What causes FLUTD?
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Bladder stones or crystals
Inflammation (cystitis)
Stress
Urinary blockage
Bladder mass/cancer
What happens in Emergency Care?
Immediate Stabilisation
- Pain Relief
- Stabilisation of severe electrolyte abnormalities
- Intravenous fluids to treat shock and dehydration
Urinary Catheterisation
A urethral catheter is inserted under GA or sedation to remove the blockage and restore normal urine flow.
Diagnostics
- Blood tests will assess renal function and electrolyte balance.
- Urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging to rule out bladder stones/anatomical abnormalities
Managing and Preventing FLUTD
FLUTD is a frustrating condition for many owners due to high recurrence rates. You can help reduce the chances of recurrences by subscribing to the following:
- Hydration: Ensure your cat drinks plenty of water and consider offering wet food.
- Stress Reduction: Minimise stressors with environmental changes or calming products.
- Dietary Adjustments: A prescription urinary diet when indicated to help dissolve urinary crystals and prevent new formation.
- Litter Box Care: Provide clean, accessible litter boxes to encourage bladder emptying. Multi-cat households should have (n+1) litter trays where n=number of cats in household.
- Weight Management: Overweight cats will need dietary management to achieve healthy weight loss.
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